Does anyone have experience with Let's Encrypt on an OpenVPN server? I created an DNS A record for my organization and pointed it to the IP address of my OpenVPN server. I'd like to use a free Let's Encrypt certificate so that my users will not see the certificate error. I am following the guide in this article: https://letsencrypt.org/howitworks/. I tried running the command to install the cert on Apache but am receiving some errors:
My initial question is, what is actually serving the web interface for OpenVPN? I thought it was Apache, but I noticed that when I stop the Apache service, I can still access the web GUI. -->
Applies to: Windows Server (Semi-Annual Channel), Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 10
For a large scale VPN deployment, this is probably not a practical option. For a small home VPN, this is certainly managable. Creating a Certificate Authority. When you click Next, you'll be presented with the Remote Access Server set up wizard. The first step to setting up the remote access server is creating a Certificate Authority.
Configure OpenVPN Server Settings. Now we are at the point of configuring the OpenVPN Server settings themselves. Here you will set the VPN subnet for the OpenVPN clients, port number, protocol, encryption, etc. Be sure to choose a different subnet for this, not the same one that your NAS itself is on.
In this step, you'll install and configure the server-side components necessary to support the VPN. The server-side components include configuring PKI to distribute the certificates used by users, the VPN server, and the NPS server. You also configure RRAS to support IKEv2 connections and the NPS server to perform authorization for the VPN connections.
In this tutorial we will setup OpenVPN SSL authentication on your Ubiquiti USG which will then allow you to access your home-network remotely and securely via TLS certificate authentication which then can be used on any client platform to remotely connect to your home-network. Router Setup as OpenVPN Server. Go to VPN and Remote Access OpenVPN General Setup and ensure that the configuration page matches the settings illustrated below. Go to the Client Config tab and specify the file name of CA Certificate, Client Certificate, and Client Key. Then, click Export.
Configure certificate autoenrollment in Group Policy
In this procedure, you configure Group Policy on the domain controller so that domain members automatically request user and computer certificates. Doing so allows VPN users to request and retrieve user certificates that authenticate VPN connections automatically. Likewise, this policy allows NPS servers to request server authentication certificates automatically.
You manually enroll certificates on VPN servers.
Tip
For non-domained joined computers, see CA configuration for non-domain joined computers. Since the RRAS server is not domain joined, autoenrollment cannot be used to enroll the VPN gateway certificate. Therefore, use an offline certificate request procedure.
On a domain controller, open Group Policy Management.
In the navigation pane, right-click your domain (for example, corp.contoso.com), then select Create a GPO in this domain, and Link it here.
On the New GPO dialog box, enter Autoenrollment Policy, then select OK.
In the navigation pane, right-click Autoenrollment Policy, then select Edit.
In the Group Policy Management Editor, complete the following steps to configure computer certificate autoenrollment:
In the navigation pane, go to Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Public Key Policies.
In the details pane, right-click Certificate Services Client – Auto-Enrollment, then select Properties.
On the Certificate Services Client – Auto-Enrollment Properties dialog box, in Configuration Model, select Enabled.
Select Renew expired certificates, update pending certificates, and remove revoked certificates and Update certificates that use certificate templates.
Select OK.
In the Group Policy Management Editor, complete the following steps to Configure user certificate autoenrollment:
In the navigation pane, go to User Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Public Key Policies.
In the details pane, right-click Certificate Services Client – Auto-Enrollment and select Properties.
On the Certificate Services Client – Auto-Enrollment Properties dialog box, in Configuration Model, select Enabled.
Select Renew expired certificates, update pending certificates, and remove revoked certificates and Update certificates that use certificate templates.
Select OK.
Close the Group Policy Management Editor.
Close Group Policy Management.
CA configuration for non-domain joined computers
Since the RRAS server is not domain joined, autoenrollment cannot be used to enroll the VPN gateway certificate. Therefore, use an offline certificate request procedure.
On the RRAS server, generate a file called VPNGateway.inf based upon the example certificate policy request provided in Appendix A (section 0) and customize the following entries:
In the [NewRequest] section, replace vpn.contoso.com used for the Subject Name with the chosen [Customer] VPN endpoint FQDN.
In the [Extensions] section, replace vpn.contoso.com used for the Subject Alternate Name with the chosen [Customer] VPN endpoint FQDN.
Save or copy the VPNGateway.inf file to a chosen location.
From an elevated command prompt, navigate to the folder that contains the VPNGateway.inf file and type:
Copy the newly created VPNGateway.req output file to a Certification Authority server, or Privileged Access Workstation (PAW).
Save or copy the VPNGateway.req file to a chosen location on the Certification Authority server, or Privileged Access Workstation (PAW).
From an elevated command prompt, navigate to the folder that contains the VPNGateway.req file created in the previous step and type:
If prompted by the Certification Authority List window, select the appropriate Enterprise CA to service the certificate request.
Copy the newly created VPNGateway.cer output file to the RRAS server.
Save or copy the VPNGateway.cer file to a chosen location on the RRAS server.
From an elevated command prompt, navigate to the folder that contains the VPNGateway.cer file created in the previous step and type:
Run the Certificates MMC snap-in as described here selecting the Computer account option.
Ensure that a valid certificate exists for the RRAS server with the following properties:
Intended Purposes: Server Authentication, IP security IKE intermediate
Certificate Template: [Customer] VPN Server
Example: VPNGateway.inf script
Here you can see an example script of a certificate request policy used to request a VPN gateway certificate using an out-of-band process.
Tip
You can find a copy of the VPNGateway.inf script in the VPN Offering IP Kit under the Certificate Request Policies folder. Only update the 'Subject' and '_continue_' with customer-specific values.
Create the VPN Users, VPN Servers, and NPS Servers Groups
In this procedure, you can add a new Active Directory (AD) group that contains the users allowed to use the VPN to connect to your organization network.
This group serves two purposes:
It defines which users are allowed to autoenroll for the user certificates the VPN requires.
It defines which users the NPS authorizes for VPN access.
By using a custom group, if you ever want to revoke a user's VPN access, you can remove that user from the group.
You also add a group containing VPN servers and another group containing NPS servers. You use these groups to restrict certificate requests to their members.
Note
We recommend VPN servers that reside in the DMA/Perimeter not be domain-joined. However, if you prefer to have the VPN servers domain-joined for better manageability (Group Policies, Backup/Monitoring agent, no local users to manage, and so on), then add an AD group to the VPN server certificate template.
Configure the VPN Users group
On a domain controller, open Active Directory Users and Computers.
Right-click a container or organizational unit, select New, then select Group.
In Group name, enter VPN Users, then select OK.
Right-click VPN Users and select Properties.
On the Members tab of the VPN Users Properties dialog box, select Add.
On the Select Users dialog box, add all the users who need VPN access and select OK.
Close Active Directory Users and Computers.
Configure the VPN Servers and NPS Servers groups
On a domain controller, open Active Directory Users and Computers.
On the Members tab of the VPN Servers Properties dialog box, select Add.
select Object Types, select the Computers check box, then select OK.
In Enter the object names to select, enter the names of your VPN servers, then select OK.
Select OK to close the VPN Servers Properties dialog box.
Repeat the previous steps for the NPS Servers group.
Close Active Directory Users and Computers.
Create the User Authentication template
In this procedure, you configure a custom client-server authentication template. This template is required because you want to improve the certificate's overall security by selecting upgraded compatibility levels and choosing the Microsoft Platform Crypto Provider. This last change lets you use the TPM on the client computers to secure the certificate. For an overview of the TPM, see Trusted Platform Module Technology Overview.
Important
Microsoft Platform Crypto Provider' requires a TPM chip, in the case that you are running a VM and you get the following error: 'Can not find a valid CSP in the local machine' when trying to manually enroll the certificate you need to check 'Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider' and have it second in order after 'Microsoft Platform Crypto Provider' in the Cryptography tab in certificate properties.
Procedure:
On the CA, open Certification Authority.
In the navigation pane, right-click Certificate Templates and select Manage.
In the Certificate Templates console, right-click User and select Duplicate Template.
Warning
Do not select Apply or OK at any time prior to step 10. If you select these buttons before entering ALL parameters, many choices become fixed and no longer editable. For example, on the Cryptography tab, if Legacy Cryptographic Storage Provider shows in the Provider Category field, it becomes disabled, preventing any further change. The only alternative is to delete the template and recreate it.
On the Properties of New Template dialog box, on the General tab, complete the following steps:
In Template display name, type VPN User Authentication.
Clear the Publish certificate in Active Directory check box.
On the Security tab, complete the following steps:
Select Add.
On the Select Users, Computers, Service Accounts, or Groups dialog box, enter VPN Users, then select OK.
In Group or user names, select VPN Users.
In Permissions for VPN Users, select the Enroll and Autoenroll check boxes in the Allow column.
Tip
Make sure to keep the Read check box selected. In other words, you need the Read permissions for enrollment.
In Group or user names, select Domain Users, then select Remove.
On the Compatibility tab, complete the following steps:
In Certification Authority, select Windows Server 2012 R2.
On the Resulting changes dialog box, select OK.
In Certificate recipient, select Windows 8.1/Windows Server 2012 R2.
On the Resulting changes dialog box, select OK.
On the Request Handling tab, clear the Allow private key to be exported check box.
On the Cryptography tab, complete the following steps:
In Provider Category, select Key Storage Provider.
Select Requests must use one of the following providers.
Select the Microsoft Platform Crypto Provider check box.
On the Subject Name tab, if you don't have an email address listed on all user accounts, clear the Include e-mail name in subject name and E-mail name check boxes.
Select OK to save the VPN User Authentication certificate template.
Close the Certificate Templates console.
In the navigation pane of the Certification Authority snap-in, right-click Certificate Templates, select New and then select Certificate Template to Issue.
Select VPN User Authentication, then select OK.
Close the Certification Authority snap-in.
Openvpn Access Server Download
Create the VPN Server Authentication template
In this procedure, you can configure a new Server Authentication template for your VPN server. Adding the IP Security (IPsec) IKE Intermediate application policy allows the server to filter certificates if more than one certificate is available with the Server Authentication extended key usage.
Important
Because VPN clients access this server from the public Internet, the subject and alternative names are different than the internal server name. As a result, you cannot autoenroll this certificate on VPN servers.
Prerequisites:
Domain-joined VPN servers
Procedure:
On the CA, open Certification Authority.
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In the navigation pane, right-click Certificate Templates and select Manage.
In the Certificate Templates console, right-click RAS and IAS Server and select Duplicate Template.
On the Properties of New Template dialog box, on the General tab, in Template display name, enter a descriptive name for the VPN server, for example, VPN Server Authentication or RADIUS Server.
On the Extensions tab, complete the following steps:
Select Application Policies, then select Edit.
In the Edit Application Policies Extension dialog box, select Add.
On the Add Application Policy dialog box, select IP security IKE intermediate, then select OK.
Adding IP security IKE intermediate to the EKU helps in scenarios where more than one server authentication certificate exists on the VPN server. When IP security IKE intermediate is present, IPSec only uses the certificate with both EKU options. Without this, IKEv2 authentication could fail with Error 13801: IKE authentication credentials are unacceptable.
Select OK to return to the Properties of New Template dialog box.
On the Security tab, complete the following steps:
Select Add.
On the Select Users, Computers, Service Accounts, or Groups dialog box, enter VPN Servers, then select OK.
In Group or user names, select VPN Servers.
In Permissions for VPN Servers, select the Enroll check box in the Allow column.
In Group or user names, select RAS and IAS Servers, then select Remove.
On the Subject Name tab, complete the following steps:
Select Supply in the Request.
On the Certificate Templates warning dialog box, select OK.
(Optional) If you're configuring conditional access for VPN connectivity, select the Request Handling tab, then select Allow private key to be exported.
Select OK to save the VPN Server certificate template.
Close the Certificate Templates console.
In the navigation pane of the Certification Authority snap-in, right-click Certificate Templates, click New and then click Certificate Template to Issue.
Restart the Certificate Authority services.(*)
In the navigation pane of the Certification Authority snap-in, right-click Certificate Templates, select New and then select Certificate Template to Issue.
Select the name you chose in step 4 above, and click OK.
Close the Certification Authority snap-in.
You can stop/start the CA service by running the following command in CMD:
Create the NPS Server Authentication template
The third and last certificate template to create is the NPS Server Authentication template. The NPS Server Authentication template is a simple copy of the RAS and IAS Server template secured to the NPS Server group that you created earlier in this section.
You will configure this certificate for autoenrollment.
Procedure:
On the CA, open Certification Authority.
In the navigation pane, right-click Certificate Templates and select Manage.
In the Certificate Templates console, right-click RAS and IAS Server, and select Duplicate Template.
On the Properties of New Template dialog box, on the General tab, in Template display name, type NPS Server Authentication.
On the Security tab, complete the following steps:
Select Add.
On the Select Users, Computers, Service Accounts, or Groups dialog box, enter NPS Servers, then select OK.
In Group or user names, select NPS Servers.
In Permissions for NPS Servers, select the Enroll and Autoenroll check boxes in the Allow column.
In Group or user names, select RAS and IAS Servers, then select Remove.
Select OK to save the NPS Server certificate template.
Close the Certificate Templates console.
In the navigation pane of the Certification Authority snap-in, right-click Certificate Templates, select New and then select Certificate Template to Issue.
Select NPS Server Authentication, and select OK.
Close the Certification Authority snap-in.
Enroll and validate the user certificate
Because you're using Group Policy to autoenroll user certificates, you need only update the policy, and Windows 10 will automatically enroll the user account for the correct certificate. You can then validate the certificate in the Certificates console.
Procedure:
Sign in to a domain-joined client computer as a member of the VPN Users group.
Press Windows key + R, type gpupdate /force, and press Enter.
On the Start menu, type certmgr.msc, and press Enter.
In the Certificates snap-in, under Personal, select Certificates. Your certificates appear in the details pane.
Right-click the certificate that has your current domain username, and then select Open.
On the General tab, confirm that the date listed under Valid from is today's date. If it isn't, you might have selected the wrong certificate.
Select OK, and close the Certificates snap-in.
Enroll and validate the server certificates
Unlike the user certificate, you must manually enroll the VPN server's certificate. After you've enrolled it, validate it by using the same process you used for the user certificate. Like the user certificate, the NPS server automatically enrolls its authentication certificate, so all you need to do is validate it.
Note
You might need to restart the VPN and NPS servers to allow them to update their group memberships before you can complete these steps.
Enroll and validate the VPN server certificate
Openvpn Access Server Client Certificate
On the VPN server's Start menu, type certlm.msc, and press Enter.
Right-click Personal, select All Tasks and then select Request New Certificate to start the Certificate Enrollment Wizard.
On the Before You Begin page, select Next.
On the Select Certificate Enrollment Policy page, select Next.
On the Request Certificates page, select the check box next to the VPN server to select it.
Under the VPN server check box, select More information is required to open the Certificate Properties dialog box and complete the following steps:
Select the Subject tab, select Common Name under Subject name, in Type.
Under Alternative Name, in Value, enter all of the server names clients use to connect to the VPN, for example, vpn.contoso.com, vpn, 132.64.86.2.
Select Add after entering each name.
Select OK when finished.
Select Enroll.
Select Finish.
In the Certificates snap-in, under Personal, select Certificates.
Your listed certificates appear in the details pane.
Right-click the certificate that has your VPN server's name, and then select Open.
On the General tab, confirm that the date listed under Valid from is today's date. If it isn't, you might have selected the incorrect certificate.
On the Details tab, select Enhanced Key Usage, and verify that IP security IKE intermediate and Server Authentication display in the list.
Select OK to close the certificate.
Close the Certificates snap-in.
Validate the NPS server certificate
Restart the NPS server.
On the NPS server's Start menu, type certlm.msc, and press Enter.
In the Certificates snap-in, under Personal, select Certificates.
Your listed certificates appear in the details pane.
Right-click the certificate that has your NPS server's name, and then select Open.
On the General tab, confirm that the date listed under Valid from is today's date. If it isn't, you might have selected the incorrect certificate.
Select OK to close the certificate.
Close the Certificates snap-in.
Next steps
Update Openvpn Access Server
Step 3. Configure the Remote Access Server for Always On VPN: In this step, you configure Remote Access VPN to allow IKEv2 VPN connections, deny connections from other VPN protocols, and assign a static IP address pool for issuance of IP addresses to connecting authorized VPN clients.